A cracked windshield that triggered a traffic stop ultimately led to the front seat passenger being charged and convicted with possession and distribution of crack cocaine. His 360 month (30 years) sentence was recently upheld on appeal by the Fourth Circuit though he questioned the validity of the seizure of drugs found on him when he was searched for weapons after being asked to get out of the car.

Under federal law in Virginia, when the police have "reasonable suspicion" drugs are in a motor vehicle during a traffic stop, the police may order the driver and all passengers out of the vehicle and search them for weapons without violating the Fourth Amendment.